Tshwane's two-party grip collapsed as five parties split the 2021 vote

The ANC commanded an outright majority in Tshwane in 2011, but a decade of declining trust and rising alternatives — first the EFF in 2016, then ActionSA and a resurgent FF+ in 2021 — shattered that hold. By 2021 neither the ANC nor the DA could govern alone, leaving Tshwane's council the most fragmented in its history.